
Electric power generation is taking an ever-growing share of the global energy consumption of industry, private households and even the military. Modern societies rely increasingly on stable and secure electric power supplies, with a trend to non-fossil, renewable energy sources.
This article explores the ocean’s vastly untapped power production potential, the physical and chemical energy
forms as well as the conversion principles and technologies used. Some ocean power generation technologies
have already been exploited for decades and, in one case, centuries, with well-established technologies. Others are
currently in developing states or exist as prototypes only.
This article explains relevant technical terms followed by a technical discussion of the most intuitive technologies which harness the potential and kinetic energy of the tides and waves. Then the vast thermal energy of tropical oceans for producing electricity will be discussed as well as the technologies using spatial water salinity gradients.